@InProceedings{HolbenEcSeSlPeMaVa:1999:TeSpVa,
               author = "Holben, Brent N. and Eck, Thomas F. and Setzer, Alberto Waingort 
                         and Slutzker, Ilya and Pereira, Alfredo and Markham, Brian and 
                         Vande-Castle, John",
                title = "Temporal and spatial variability of aerosol loading and properties 
                         during the Amazon, North American temperate, and boreal forest 
                         burning seasons",
                 year = "1999",
                pages = "618--636",
         organization = "Biomass Burning and Global Change.",
             abstract = "Biomass burning plays a significant part in the major terrestrial 
                         ecosystems of the globe and recently has become the focus for 
                         study on the influence of global climate forcing through direct 
                         and indirect impacts on the radiation regime. The concentrations 
                         and properties of aerosols contribute significantly to climate 
                         radiative forcing. Hansen and Lacis (1990)state that {"}Aerosols 
                         are the source of our greatest uncertainty about climate forcing. 
                         Tropospheric aerosols are difficult to monitor because of their 
                         spatial inhomogeneity, but they are a crucial variable because of 
                         the strong anthropogenic influence on their amount.{"} 
                         Addition-ally, modeling by Charlson et al. (1992), Penner et al. 
                         (1992, 1994)suggests that the direct and indirect radiative 
                         effects of sulfate and other aerosols in the tropo-sphere, 
                         including those from biomass burning, may be sufficient worldwide 
                         to offset the radiative effects of increases in greenhouse gases. 
                         Penner et al. (1994)propose that synoptic-to-global-scale 
                         observations be made of the radiation budget, as well as both the 
                         com-position of the aerosols and their interactions with water 
                         vapor.",
  conference-location = "BR",
                label = "9019",
           targetfile = "INPE 8063.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "02 maio 2024"
}